Kelly Trumble
Second Grade
Geography

Purpose:

The purpose of this lesson is to help children understand part of their heritage and how the United States has developed into what it is today, a great nation. Many of England's traditions and customs have been passed on and somewhat modified to fit the United State's needs. Children need to understand where the United State's basis is arrived from, especially our governmental areas. England's emphasis during this time is very important for children to understand. The children need to understand the reasoning behind the Pilgrim's journey to the Americas. They need to visualize on the events that were occurring during this trivial time in England.

Connection to the National Geography Standards:

Seeing the World in Spatial Terms - knows and understands how to use maps, globes, and other graphical tools to acquire processes and report information. Uses mental maps to give spatial perspective to the world, and knows how to analyze spatial organization. These play a significant role in the lesson for the students. The students need to know where England is, and not only, how to make a map, but also how to use a map.
Places and Regions- knows and understands the physical and human characteristics of places. Know that the people define regions and use them to interpret the world's changing complexity. The students will study the different cultures and traditions of England. Different people are what make a country great. It is very important for children to understand this concept if they are going to live in this world and strive to have some kind of peace.
Physical Systems - knows and understands that physical processes shape patterns on the earth's surface and understands the characteristics and distribution of ecosystem. The children will learn about maps and physical process shape by completing a home/school project on the construction of a regional map of England. This project will include a detailed key, color-coding, and will display the physical features of England. The children will be able to observe the different ways to display the same type of map and yet each individual map will be different.
Human Systems -knows and understands the characteristics, distribution, and migrations of human populations. The students need to know and understand the process, patterns, and functions of human settlement. This is also a significant part of the lesson when discussing the migration of people from England to the United States. The children need to understand why the pilgrims chose to sail across the ocean to seek new lives for themselves.
Environment and Society-knows and understands how the earth's physical and human systems are connected and interact. Also the understanding the consequences of the interactions between humans and physical systems, along with the comprehension of the changes, meaning, distribution, and importance of resources. The children will learn these important concepts and will display the areas that natural resources can be found in England. Also the students will see how the pilgrims adapted to their new and strange surroundings when arriving at the Americas.
Applying Geography - knows and understands how to apply geography to interpret the past, the present and the future. This is a very important aspect of this project, because it is based on the historical significance of England and the effect England has had on the United States both historically, presently, and in the future of the United States.

Spelling:

Students will recognize and spell vocabulary words out of text selected to read. They will be able to locate the spelling words in their dictionary and conceive the meaning of the spelling word. They will listen and discuss letters and sounds in spelling words and recognize what other words sound similar to the spelling words for easy recognition and relay into memory. Students will form a word wall from spelling words and will use those words to form sentences.

Reading:

The students will be able to make the connection between fact and fiction in the history of England. They will recognize the concept of how the book and the pictures connect and discuss with the teacher what they see in the pictures, what they think the story is about, and what they know about the subject of the book. The teacher will then discuss with the students what interests them in this subject area. Students will be able to recognize spelling words located throughout selected texts. After reading the book, students will discuss whether or not they enjoyed the story and what they learned from it, and what values are important to them and what historical significance has played a part on them. The class will read the book together and then work in centers reading individually, out loud with a partner, and then with the teacher. Students will read aloud one at a time with the teacher to help the teacher recognize any problems students may be experiencing with reading skills and comprehension of the information being studied.

Writing:

The students will make up their own comparative stories on how they would have changed the story or ended the story, then read creative stories aloud to the class. They will write a story in first person about being a pilgrim, what they would look like, and what they would wear, and what they would do when they got to the new land. The students will then write a descriptive story about which part of England they would choose to live at and why.

Mathematics:

The students will learn the difference between U.S. currency and England's currency. They will learn how to count out and recognize U.S. currency. The students will then learn how to count out English currency and transfer the money into U.S. currency.

Science:

The students will learn where the main production of crops and minerals are produced in England. They will learn what natural resources England produces in its country and distributes throughout England and the world. The students will also learn about the geographical regions of Great Britain and what the different regions are made up of.

Social Studies:

The teacher will show the children where England is and why the pilgrims chose to come to the Americas. Students will study the culture and traditions of the pilgrims, where they came from, and why they chose to come to the new land. The students will also study the different aspects of England including the land, the economy, government, etc. The teacher will show the children the different customs of modern day England compared to American customs and how they are alike and yet very different. The class will observe the guidelines that America's fore fathers set long ago to lead the United States and how they adapted many of England's governmental roles. This will allow the students to see how rules can lead a country to greatness centuries after those set of rules have been set. The students will be able to listen to the different English accents used in Great Britain. The teacher will also expose the children to different attire men and women sometimes wear in England due to tradition and heritage.

Overview of Presentation:

This project will help the children realize the importance of England, and its effect on the United States. Children in the United States need to learn about not only the United States history, but other countries as well and how those countries historical events effect the United States in many ways. The children need to learn about the different cultural and traditional customs of England and how some of those traditions and customs have an impact on the United States. Students need to learn about the many, many historical aspects of England. For students, one of the most interesting aspects about England refers back to fairy tale stories and exciting adventures for kings, queens, princes, and princesses. The fact that England still has a royal court brings some of the fiction in fairy tales to reality as well as the rustic castles scattered throughout England's countryside. Therefore it is important for the children to realize the importance of fact and fiction and how it plays a large part on England's history.

Procedures:

Day 1:Introduce lesson to class. Ask the children what they know about England.

Where is England? Ask the children several questions to get a feel for what

they know about England. Try to spark the children's interest with the question

being asked. Have pictures handy for children to look at and ask about. Pass

the pictures around the room for the children to look at and question. The class

can discuss the geographical location of England by looking at a large scale

map. Have them feel the physical features of the world on a globe.

Day 2: Review the discussion from the previous day. Read to class from a book

selected out of the bibliography. Discuss the book with the children. What

did they think about the information that they just read? What did they learn

new? What else do they want to learn about England? Let the children inform

the teacher about their curiosity of the subject.

Day 3: Review the discussion from the previous day. Have the children work in reading

centers and have them read the book in partners, individually, and with the

in Great Britain. Great Britain is an island that is made up of three parts; Wales

England, and Scotland (Lerner 7). England covers the southern and largest

portion of Great Britain, Wales lies in the west, and Scotland is located in the

northern part of the island (7). Scotland is basically a flat land (8).

On the contrary, England is mainly flat with the exception of a chain of uplands

that stretch across the upper portion of England called the Pennine Chain (8).

Wales has some flat lands that of which is farmlands cover four-fifths of.

However, mountains cover about two-thirds of Wales (3). Wales is the smallest

of the three countries which make up Great Britain (3).

Day 5: Review the discussion from the previous day. Study England's climate and its

Seasons. During the summer, England is mildly warm and wind gusts remain

moderately warm (Lerner 11). However, in the winter, England experiences

below-freezing temperatures (11). England is famous for its constant rainfall

and extremely foggy climate. Rain often arrives in a slow drizzle rather than a

downpour (11).

Day 6: Review the discussion from the previous day. Natural Resources of England

are their mineral deposit mines (13). These mines consist of lead and tin and

England contains significant reserves of oil, natural gas, and coal (13).

Limestone and slate are also mined in Wales (Lye 21). The manufacturing of

chemicals, electronics, and plastics are a rapidly growing industry (21).

Day 7: Review the discussion from the previous day. How leisure time is spent in

England: watching television 97%, gardening 64%, playing with children 62%,

driving 58%, home decorating 53%, working 52% (Coleman 16). England is a

sporting nation. Two of England's most popular sports are rugby football,

"soccer", and a game called cricket ball. Cricket ball is much like America's

baseball with a few modifications.

Day 8: Review the discussion from the previous day. Beginnings of a monarchy arose

in Great Britain during the Dark Ages (Coleman 38). Queen Elizabeth II has

reigned since 1953, she is the Head of State and no law can become a law

without her consent (38). She is also head of the English Church (38). Queen

Elizabeth's son, Prince Charles of Wales is the heir to the throne. He will be

proceeded by his son Prince William. The royal family lives in Buckingham

Palace in London, England. The United Kingdom has no written constitution

(Lerner 38). The British legislature has two parts, the House of the Lords and

the Crown Courts (39). The United States judiciary system is much like

England's.

Day 9: Review the discussion from the previous day. Map presentations to the class.

The children can present their maps to the class and explain in a few words

some information about their map. What is located on the map? What they

used to make the map, clay, paper mashie', salt dough, etc. Have children

explain any other interesting features that their map may consist of.

Day 10: Review the discussion from the previous day. Finish up map presentations

and answer any questions children may still have unanswered. Start on a

collage of England and have children display what they have learned about

England. This will be a total classroom participation project. When children are

Finished with the project, hang outside the room to display proudly. Children

can answer fellow schoolmates questions about England. The collage may

inspire other teachers or students to do a study about England themselves.

The teacher needs to concentrate on review for the lesson. Review is so very important to all children. The students need to understand and have information repeated to them over and over for repetition and the ability to relay information back and forth to one another.

Sponge Activity:

Day 1: Sing a song about England "London Bridge"

Day 2: Have the children journal their thoughts about the book that was read in class

Day 3: Drawing - have children draw pictures of what they have learned about England

and explain what they are

Day 4: Have each child point out to the teacher where Great Britain is on the globe or

map and name the three countries that make up Britain.

Day 5: Have the children journal, once again, their thoughts and questions about

England and have them read to the class their own opinions.

Day 6:Have a large scale map ready of Great Britain and have the children point out

the geographical land segments, describe what type of lands they are, and what

is produced there.

Day 7: Discuss the rules of cricket and have the children go outside and play the game

Day 8: Have the student's design their very own crown to wear during the lesson that

day. They may place jewels and rhinestones to give some glamour. Some

students may want to use foil to add some sparkle

Day 9: Have the student's choose their favorite map and give the winner a special prize

Day 10: Students can celebrate the closing of the lesson by enjoying some of

England's specialty foods

Opening:

When dealing with younger children, my plans for an opening activity is a review session. This is, in my opinion, a very important, and very overlooked process of learning for children. Many children fall behind due to the fact that they may not have been pay attention to the teacher during the previous lesson. Many children have a lot on their minds and forget the information. Reviewing, in my opinion is the best way to have children learn and memorize the information that is being presented to them. It gets the children involved, springs up very creative questions, and can sometimes reveal very interesting facts for the class that one or two students may know about England.

Guided Practice:

This gives the students a time to connect with modern, updated information about Great Britain, they will be able to see updated colored pictures and can learn how to do independent research. Children should feel comfortable using the internet as a source of information. They can follow up on modern day industries, check the weather, and learn about new fashions and technology that England is producing.

Independent Practice:

The classroom can participate in games and activities spread out over a few days. The children do not necessarily need to work on worksheets, because sometimes worksheets can be over used and problem spots for children can be overlooked. The teacher can have the children involve themselves with art activities as listed above or perhaps a game of revised Jeopardy or Wheel of Fortune. These activities allow children to be actively involved with the lesson, the teacher, and each other. As for Internet Day the children can answer questions to a worksheet provided by the teacher that includes both pictures and spelling words for the children to research and fill in. Useful computer games are provided for the educational purpose of exposing children to different countries and facts about those countries. The game Carmen San Diego is a wonderful use of trivia, research, and the interconnection of using books and computers to locate useful information.

Evaluation/Assessment/Feedback:

Ask the children what they learned about today. Get the children's feedback and gather information from the children to find out what they know and what they are learning. Ask the children what they could go home and tell mom, dad, sister, brother, grandparents about England. What do they know about the customs, culture, and traditions of England? Where is England located on a map or a globe? What can they tell the teacher about the pilgrims who came from England? Why did they come across the ocean and leave their homes and families behind them? Read creative stories and reflect on that day's lesson. Once a week testing comprehension - find out if they are grasping the concept of the lesson. This will help the teacher find trouble spots for students and whether or not to review the information again for the students.

Closure:

Describe how different countries in the world can be so much alike and yet so different. How is the United States in many ways much like England? The reasoning behind the United States fore fathers came from England and adapted many of England's customs and yet how different the two countries are in many ways due to culture, history, government, and economy. One of the great qualities of the world is that it is made up of different nationalities. Some have Irish, English, Indian, Spanish, Mexican, German, African, etc. that makes the world the world we live in so great. Show the students how England its self has a great variety of people. Let the children know that England is an ally to the United States and how both countries stand by one another to help defend the world throughout the course of history. Also show the children the physical features of England. How people in England celebrate holidays and different holiday that they celebrate compared to the holidays in the United States. Show the children the types of seasons during the year and the type of weather England experiences throughout the year compared to the United States.

Materials:

1. At least three computers will be required and a LCD screen for the teacher's use.
2. A world globe and a world map large enough for the children to see around the classroom.
3. Various pictures of: England's countryside, England's monarchy, England's famous tour sites, England's historical sites, Castles, and people of the past and present.
4. Art Supplies: crayons, construction paper *, brown paint, blue paint, red paint, yellow paint, paint brushes, aprons, white butcher block paper, newspaper, paste, masking tape, cardboard, salt dough, toothpicks, glue, clay, stapler, & stickers

Extensions:

This lesson can relate to many different content areas.

Mathematics:A relation to mathematics can be used to learn the understanding of U.S. currency compared to England's currency. Why England's currency changed in January of 1999.

Science:Science can be related due to the development and production of consumer goods produced in England. This lesson could include the products that England produce and where in England they produce these goods.

Social Studies: A historical aspect related to England is one of many. England's history is filled with significant events. The royal court seems to fascinate most people, especially in the United States, because the U.S. does not have a royal court to lead the country. It is also interesting for students to understand that although the people of England do not vote on their royal leaders, the citizens do however have the privileges of a democratic government. Students can study the people of England, what their customs and cultures are. The students can learn about the types of clothing the people of England wear and the many types of different cultures that thrive in England much like the United States have. The use of language is also very important due to communication between different people of the world. The students need to understand that although the United States and England both speak English, that there are many different meanings that consist between two different words as simple as they may be. For example, someone were to ask someone else in the United States for some chips, the response would be a bag of potato or corn chips. However, if someone were to ask someone else in England for some chips, the response would be French fries. So communication between even the simplest of words is very important.
Art Activities and Games: The time period that this lesson is discussing is the time during the 1600's, when pilgrims from England traveled to the Americas in search for a new life. Art activities can be done to coincide with this time frame. Children can make Boy/Girl Pilgrim outfits out of construction paper to wear and pretend. Children have very creative imaginations, so have them draw pictures of what they have learned so far in this lesson. Let the children tell the teacher through pictures what interests them in the subject. This learning experience can also be expressed by having the children make a large collage for the classroom. This can be a project that requires the entire classroom to participate in. Mapping can also be a useful and yet creative tool. Let the children take this project home to work on with parents. This can be an excellent opportunity to get the parents involved into their child's classroom experience. Let them make a map of England using detailed descriptions of the land and its physical features. Give a key explaining the information on the map. Make sure to include hills, valleys, weather details, mineral details, etc. This project can be done by using paper mashie', clay, or salt dough.

Fun games that can be played would include a modified version of the game Jeopardy. Teachers can modify the questions and have the children separate into three groups. Let the children compete against each other to answer trivia questions about England. Another game that is very educational to children as well as get them involved in using electronic resources is the computer game, Carmen San Diego. This game comes in many modified fashions and would be an excellent challenge for children. Carmen San Diego also interacts children with the use of a computer as well as using books to help guide them throughout the game. This game is wonderful tool to use in the development of an individual's research skills.

Music:Different variations of music can be used during this study. Children can listen to a few samples of bag pipe music, or they can sing the traditional song, London Bridge.

Available: South East on-line http://www.southeastengland.uk.main.html/

(7 February, 1999).

Available: Europe on-line http://www.europeonline.com/ (7 February, 1999).

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